|
''Tsesarevich'' (''(ロシア語:Цесаревич)'') was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Imperial Russian Navy, built in France at the end of the 19th century. The ship's design formed the basis of the Russian-built s. She was based at Port Arthur, Manchuria after entering service and fought in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. ''Tsesarevich'' was the flagship of Admiral Wilgelm Vitgeft in the Battle of the Yellow Sea and was interned in Tsingtau after the battle. After the end of the war, the ship was transferred to the Baltic Fleet and helped to suppress the Sveaborg Rebellion in mid-1906. While on a Mediterranean cruise, she helped survivors of the 1908 Messina earthquake. ''Tsesarevich'' was not very active during the early part of World War I and her bored sailors joined the general mutiny of the Baltic Fleet in early 1917. Now named ''Grazhdanin'', the ship participated in the Battle of Moon Sound in 1917, during which she was lightly damaged. The ship seized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution in late 1917 and decommissioned the following year. ''Grazhdanin'' was scrapped in 1924–1925. ==Design and description== The ship was ordered as part of the "Programme for the Needs of the Far East", authorised by Tsar Nicholas II in 1898 to defend Russia's newly acquired ice-free port of Port Arthur in Manchuria. Russian shipyards were already at full capacity so the Naval Ministry decided to order ships from abroad. Specifications were issued on 14 June 1898 and a few days later the chief designer of the French shipyard Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée proposed a design based on that of the . The Naval Technical Committee approved the design with a few changes to which the French readily agreed. The General Admiral, Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich selected the French design over a competing proposal from the Baltic Works. A contract was signed on 20 July 1898 at a cost of 30.28 million francs (11.355 million rubles) for delivery in 42 months.〔McLaughlin, pp. 130–31〕 ''Tsesarevich''s most obvious design feature was her tumblehome hull. This had several advantages because it allowed greater freeboard since the narrow upper decks reduced the structural weight of the vessel's hull, it increased the field of fire of guns mounted on the sides, and it reduced the ship's roll in heavy seas. Its great disadvantage was that it reduced buoyancy and stability which contributed to excessive heel during turns. During the Battle of the Yellow Sea in August 1904, Imperial Japanese Navy observers thought the ''Tsesarevich'' was going to capsize when she suddenly turned out of the battleline.〔 ''Tsesarevich'' was long overall, had a beam of and a draught of . The ship displaced . Her crew consisted of 28–29 officers and 750 enlisted men.〔McLaughlin, pp. 129–30〕 The ship was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines using steam generated by 20 Belleville boilers at a working pressure of . The boilers were fitted with economizers that preheated their feed water. The engines were rated at and designed to reach a top speed of . ''Tsesarevich'' handily exceeded her design speed and reached from during her official machinery trials in July–August 1903. She normally carried of coal, but could carry a maximum of . This allowed the ship to steam for at a speed of . ''Tsesarevich'' was fitted with six steam-driven generators with a total capacity of .〔McLaughlin, pp. 129–30, 134–35〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian battleship Tsesarevich」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|